Orchids on the Durham coast

Durham's magnesian limestone grassland is famous for its orchids. Yesterday, when we were walking along the coast near Hawthorn Dene there was a sensational display, in the hay meadow at the mouth of the dene itself and even more so in the thin soils around the old quarry. 

There were many hundreds of spotted orchids and scores of pyramidal and fragrant orchids. There were also plenty of twayblades, but it's hard to estimate their numbers because their green colour makes them easy to overlook. 

I think this was the best orchid display that I can remember here.

Fragrant orchid

Pyramidal orchid

An albino common spotted orchid

Common spotted orchid

Twayblade orchid

This is the area around the quarry with the highest density of orchids, growing in a thin veneer of soil over limestone. Other species in flower here included centaury and yellow-wort, greater knapweed and carpets of bird's-foot trefoil.

A butterfly bank: second visit

About a month ago I posted some pictures of a beautiful magnesian limestone embankment along an old disused railway line at Trimdon near Durham city. This weekend we went back for another look and the flora was even better.

The viper's bugloss, which was only rosettes of leaves on our last visit, had now produced tall spires of flowers.

At the moment, this is just about the most flowery spot I know, with ....

...... bladder campion .......

...growing here with viper's bugloss ....

..... intensely fragrant burnet rose ......

..... eyebright, a plant that's partially parasitic on the roots of other plants....

..... greater knapweed .........

....... rock-rose .....

... and common spotted orchids that were too many to count, with numerous variations: this is an albino form.

Twayblade orchids, that are well hidden amongst the background vegetation..........

... and drifts of viper's bugloss, which bees can't resist.

Wild strawberries ..........

....... and wild thyme.

Magnesian limestone flora at its best!

A Summer Saturday on the Durham Coast at Dawdon...

One of the finest specimens of a marsh orchid that I've seen in a long time.

Spotted orchids in great profusion.

Bird's foot trefoil, with plenty of common blue butterflies.

Bloody crane'sbill growing on the magnesian limestone cliffs

Ox-eye daisies swaying in the breeze.

Harebells just coming into flower.

Cliff-top shrubs full of whitethroats, and finally ..............

.......... a lark ascending - for a soundtrack, click here....

A Butterfly Bank.....

Along the old disused mineral railway line between Garmondsway and Trimdon Grange, on the magnesian limestone in east Durham, there's a 200 metre south-facing stretch of embankment that's near perfect habitat for the the limestone flora and its associated butterflies.

When we visited last week the first generation of small coppers had just emerged. This one is sunning itself on one of last year's carline thistles - a very painful plant to kneel on when you are trying to take a photograph.

The bank is also an excellent site for the dingy skipper butterfly which, despite its derogatory name, is very attractive when it settles for long enough to be examined at close quarters. Chasing butterflies around on a hot day is frustrating and unproductive, and can only lead to extensive tramping of the flowers, so I just sat and waited for the butterflies to come to me. Dingy skippers like to sunbathe on patches of bare soil and sure enough a female settled right next to me, soon to be joined by a male, on her left here.

Once she recognised that she was being courted she cocked up her tail and opened her scent glands, releasing pheromones that are the butterfly equivalent of Chanel No. 5, to secure his undivided attention. Double click this and the above image for a large, clearer view.

This is the butterfly bank in question.

At the moment it's dominated by drifts of common hawkweed Hieracium vulgatum but some of the choicer limestone flowers are coming out, such as .....

..... common milkwort Polygala vulgaris , and ....

..... and spotted orchid, growing here amongst salad burnet.

Magnificent Marsh Orchids.... or spotted orchids .... or hybrids?

Well, actually I'm not sure what these are, exactly. They were part of a swarm of hybrids between marsh orchids and common spotted orchids, growing beside the pond on Durham University's Mountjoy site. Whatever their precise identity, they are magnificent specimens. I have noticed that whenever these hybrid swarms occur you always get a few very robust, very floriferous specimens, probably displaying hybrid vigour, alongside many more that are much weaker plants.... and, quite often, a few albinos like the one on the left.

Road Verge Wild flowers

Most of the major road verges around here have been mown but on some of the unmolested minor roads and farm tracks there are fine displays of wild flowers - like this handsome patch of giant bellflower Campanula latifolia in a farm gateway near Wolsingham.

This was the finest specimen of spotted orchid that I've seen this year, growing all on its own beside a minor road near Crook. This was the only spotted orchid that I spotted along a mile of verge - all on its own. But that's the magic of orchids - their minute wind-blown seeds can land almost anywhere.

The same verge hosted masses of tufted vetch Vicia cracca, climbing up through the hedgerow and a great attraction for bumblebees.