A cowslip at Christmas

 

These cowslips have been flowering in my garden since mid-December. This particular plant often flowers in late winter, but I can’t recall ever seeing cowslips in full bloom at Christmas. This unseasonal behaviour is likely a response climate disruption, to the plant recovering from summer drought and then producing rapid new growth in autumnal daylengths that would be similar to those that initiate flowering in spring. Since then, mild weather with few frosts and only one day of light snow have encouraged it to bloom.

Flavour of limes (Tilia species)

 

Winds had stripped all the leaves from lime trees but this large-leaved lime Tilia platyphyllos in Wolsingham churchyard is still holding on to a few of its winged seeds. Unlike the small-leaved lime T. cordata and common lime T. x europaea, the seed capsules of this species have distinctive raised ridges.

Autumn leaf fall has exposed the architecture of this magnificent mature common lime in a field at Stanhope in Weardale.

Common lime, a natural hybrid between large-leaved and small leaved limes, frequently has large burrs on its trunk that sprout a chaotic forest of twigs; in this one the burr is mid-trunk and its twigs have formed a massive skirt of small branches that would sweep down to ground level if they hadn’t been browsed by sheep: so, in this case, more like a ballet dancer’s tutu than a skirt.

All that twiggy burr growth from burrs at the base of the trunk makes common lime easy to propagate cheaply from cuttings, so it's often planted as an amenity street tree - but then the burrs have to be trimmed at the end of every growing season - like these two examples in the image below.