Pill millipedes

 

I found these beautiful little pill millipedes Glomeris marginata, with their overlapping plates of armour, under the loose bark of a fallen tree in Weardale. When disturbed, they curl up into a ball, like an armadillo, and then roll away.  They are easily confused with the superficially similar pillbug aka pill woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare, which has similar armour and ability to roll-up, but has only 7 pairs of walking legs (click here for pill woodlouse post) 

 The arrival of siskins is one of the joys of winter. This bird was one of a flock of about a dozen, feeding on alder seeds along an old railway line, now converted into a public footpath, near Willington in County Durham. 

Alder seeds are one of their main sources of food, but when the supply runs out later in winter they frequently turn up on the bird feeders in the garden, where there is a striking contrast in their behaviour. 

Siskins feeding in the wild are marvellously acrobatic, stretching, dangling, twisting this way and that to reach their reward. Never still for a second, endlessly probing with beaks that taper to a point as fine as jeweller’ tweezers, adapted for extracting the tiny, woody seeds between the cone scales.

 They are quiet, preoccupied with feeding on their own cluster of cones, so different in behaviour from the feisty siskins that feed on our garden bird table all winter. Those are mutually aggressive and constantly challenge greenfinches and tree sparrows for a perch on the feeder containing sunflower kernels. Sometimes violent conflict breaks out. They are so different in demeanour that they could almost be a different species.

 

Perhaps that’s what providing limitless luxury food in a single location does to bird behaviour: promotes competition and conflict. A siskin needs to collect about 10,000 alder seeds, half of which would be husk, to match its body weight. It must spend most of the daylight hours feeding on its natural food source but can gain the same nutritional benefit in an hour by monopolising a prime position on the sunflower seed feeder.

  

Siskins and their preferred food source are well matched, but the promise of easy street on garden bird tables reveals an aggressive nature less often seen in the wild.

Dung beetle heaven

At the end of November, during that wonderfully mild spell of late autumn weather, we found this large dung beetle Geotrupes stercorarius crossing a country lane in Teesdale. Ordinarily, it might have spent the winter in the pupal state underground but I suspect that the warm conditions might have hastened its development. Now it was probably looking for somewhere to dig a tunnel and hibernate, so we moved it to a place of safety - a field with horses, where it could burrow down under a pile of dung: dung beetle heaven

More on dung beetles, which I have most often found in spring, here 

A masterclass from an owl in how to ignore abusers

 

A few weeks ago I spotted this tawny owl in a tree in a garden across the road from our house. I couldn't miss it really, because it was being harassed by a raucous flock of about thirty jackdaws and crows, plus two very in-your-face magpies.

The unperturbed owl gave an absolutely perfect masterclass in how to deal with abusers, completely ignoring them. None were brave enough to come within reach of its talons, and after about ten minutes they had all lost interest, and left it in peace.

The owl is still around, and recently I heard it hooting at dawn in our back garden.

Tree sparrows in the garden - a success story

 Tree sparrows have been breeding in a nest box in our Co. Durham garden, and in our next door neighbours' garden, for about a decade now. It has been heartening to see their numbers increase, especially since this has been a declining species in many parts of the country. 

These handsome finches are frequent visitors to the bird feeders and are one of the most assertive species, chasing away most other birds that try to compete. Only siskins, which are much smaller but even more feisty, can out-compete them. 

Waxcaps in Auckland park, Bishop Auckland

 

This has been the best autumn for waxcap toadstools that I can recall here in County Durham. This very mild, and lately very wet, November seems to have suited them perfectly.

I found these in ancient, unimproved calcareous grassland in Auckland park, Bishop Auckland this morning. I suspect that the one above and the two below might be the scarlet waxcap Hygrocybe coccinea, whilst the bottom two photos, with yellow gills, could be crimson waxcap Hygrocybe punicea, though it is hard to be sure. 

These exquisite little toadstools often seem to be associated with meadow ant nests in the park, which could have more to do with soil drainage than directly with ants. They toadstools are brittle and many are knocked over and broken by grazing animals.